Glossary-old

A
ABDOMEN/ABDOMINAL
Body cavity below diaphragm that contains stomach, intestines, liver and other organs
ABSORB
take up fluids, take in
ACIDOSIS
Condition when blood contains more acid than normal
ACUITY
Clearness, keenness, esp. of vision and airways
ACUTE
New, recent, sudden, urgent
ADENOPATHY
Swollen lymph nodes (glands)
ADHD
The abbreviation for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADJUVANT
Helpful, assisting, aiding, supportive
ADJUVANT TREATMENT
Added treatment (usually to a standard treatment)
ADVERSE EFFECT
Side effect, bad reaction, unwanted response
ALLERGIC REACTION
Rash, hives, swelling, trouble breathing
AMBULATE/AMBULATION/AMBULATORY
Walk, able to walk
ANAPHYLAXIS
Serious, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction
ANEMIA
Decreased red blood cells; low red cell blood count
ANESTHETIC
A drug or agent used to decrease the feeling of pain, or eliminate the feeling of pain by putting you to sleep
ANEURYSMS
Caused by dilation of a blood vessel, and can lead to rupture and death.
ANGINA
Pain resulting from not enough blood flowing to the heart
ANGINA PECTORIS
Pain resulting from not enough blood flowing to the heart
ANGIOEDEMA
The swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, caused by a build-up of fluid.
ANOREXIA
Disorder in which person will not eat; lack of appetite
ANTECUBITAL
Related to the inner side of the forearm
ANTIBIOTIC
Drug that kills bacteria and other germs
ANTIBODY
Protein made in the body in response to foreign substance
ANTICONVULSANT
Drug used to prevent seizures
ANTILIPEMIC
A drug that lowers fat levels in the blood
ANTIMICROBIAL
Drug that kills bacteria and other germs
ANTIRETROVIRAL
Drug that works against the growth of certain viruses
ANTITUSSIVE
A drug used to relieve coughing
AORTA
The largest artery in the body
ARRHYTHMIA
Abnormal heartbeat; any change from the normal heartbeat
ASPIRATION
Fluid entering the lungs, such as after vomiting
ASSAY
Lab test
ASSESS
To learn about, measure, evaluate, look at
ASTHMA
Lung disease associated with tightening of air passages, making breathing difficult
ASYMPTOMATIC
Without symptoms
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
A problem with the body’s immune system, when it starts to attack healthy cells, tissues and organs. Examples include lupus and rheumatoid arthritis
AXILLA
Armpit
B
BARIATRIC SURGERY
Surgery for weight loss, such as gastric bypass surgery or gastric band
BENIGN
Not malignant, without serious consequences
BID
Twice a day
BINDING/BOUND
Carried by, to make stick together, transported
BIOAVAILABILITY
The extent to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the body
BIOPSY
A sample of cells or tissue is removed from the body and tested to help exclude or establish a diagnosis such as cancer
BLOOD PROFILE
Series of blood tests
BOLUS
A large amount given all at once
BONE MASS
The amount of calcium and other minerals in a given amount of bone
BRACHYTHERAPY
A cancer treatment whereby radioactive material is inserted directly into the tumor
BRADYARRHYTHMIAS
Slow, irregular heartbeats
BRADYCARDIA
Slow heartbeat
BRONCHOSCOPY
Examination of the airways using a bronchoscope (a flexible or rigid tube with a small camera and light at the end)
BRONCHOSPASM
Breathing distress caused by narrowing of the airways
C
CARCINOGENIC
Cancer-causing
CARCINOMA
Type of cancer
CARDIAC
Related to the heart
CARDIAC ARREST
A cessation of the normal regular muscular contractions of the heart, meaning blood cannot be pumped around the body
CARDIOVERSION
Return to normal heartbeat by electric shock
CATHETER
A tube for withdrawing or giving fluids
CATHETER
A tube placed near the spinal cord and used for anesthesia (indwelling epidural) during surgery
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord
CEREBRAL TRAUMA
Damage to the brain
CESSATION
Stopping
CHD
Coronary heart disease
CHEMOTHERAPY
Treatment of disease, usually cancer, by chemical agents
CHRONIC
Continuing for a long time, ongoing
CLINICAL
Pertaining to medical care
CLINICAL TRIAL
An experiment involving human subjects
COMA
Unconscious state
COMPLETE RESPONSE
Total disappearance of disease
CONGENITAL
Present before birth
CONJUNCTIVITIS
Redness and irritation of the thin membrane that covers the eye
CONSOLIDATION PHASE
Treatment phase intended to make a remission permanent (follows induction phase)
CONTROLLED TRIAL
Research study in which the experimental treatment or procedure is compared to a standard (control) treatment or procedure
COOPERATIVE GROUP
Association of multiple institutions to perform clinical trials
CORONARY
Related to the blood vessels that supply the heart, or to the heart itself
CT SCAN (CAT)
Computerized series of x-rays (computerized tomography)
CULTURE
Test for infection, or for organisms that could cause infection
CUMULATIVE
Added together from the beginning
CUTANEOUS
Relating to the skin
CVA
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident)
D
DERMATOLOGIC
Pertaining to the skin
DIASTOLIC
Lower number in a blood pressure reading
DISTAL
Toward the end, away from the center of the body
DIURETIC
“Water pill” or drug that causes increase in urination
DOPPLER
Device using sound waves to diagnose or test
DOUBLE BLIND
Study in which neither investigators nor subjects know what drug or treatment the subject is receiving
DYSFUNCTION
State of improper function
DYSPLASIA
Abnormal cells
E
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
Sound wave test of the heart
EDEMA
Excess fluid collecting in tissue
EEG
Electric brain wave tracing (electroencephalogram)
EFFICACY
Effectiveness
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
Electrical tracing of the heartbeat (ECG or EKG)
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
An imbalance of minerals in the blood
EMESIS
Vomiting
EMPIRIC
Based on experience
ENDOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
Examination of an internal part of the body with a lighted tube ENTERAL by way of the intestines
EPIDURAL
Outside the spinal cord
ERADICATE
Get rid of (such as disease)
EVALUATED, ASSESSED
Examined for a medical condition
EXPEDITED REVIEW
Rapid review of a protocol by the IRB Chair without full committee approval, permitted with certain low-risk research studies
EXTERNAL
Outside the body
EXTRAVASATE
To leak outside of a planned area, such as out of a blood vessel
F
FDA
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the branch of federal government that approves new drugs
FIBRILLATION
Irregular beat of the heart or other muscle
FIBROUS
Having many fibers, such as scar tissue
G
GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Pain prevention by giving drugs to cause loss of consciousness, as during surgery
GESTATIONAL
Pertaining to pregnancy
H
HEMATOCRIT
Amount of red blood cells in the blood
HEMATOMA
A bruise, a black and blue mark
HEMODYNAMIC MEASURING
Measuring of blood flow
HEMOLYSIS
Breakdown in red blood cells
HEPARIN LOCK
Needle placed in the arm with blood thinner to keep the blood from clotting
HEPATOMA
Cancer or tumor of the liver
HERITABLE DISEASE
Disease that can be transmitted to one’s offspring, resulting in damage to future children
HISTOPATHOLOGIC
Pertaining to the disease status of body tissues or cells
HOLTER MONITOR
A portable machine for recording heart beats
HYPERCALCEMIA
High blood calcium level
HYPERKALEMIA
High blood potassium level
HYPERNATREMIA
High blood sodium level
HYPERTENSION
High blood pressure
HYPOCALCEMIA
Low blood calcium level
HYPOKALEMIA
Low blood potassium level
HYPONATREMIA
Low blood sodium level
HYPOTENSION
Low blood pressure
HYPOXEMIA
A decrease of oxygen in the blood
HYPOXIA
A decrease of oxygen reaching body tissues
HYSTERECTOMY
Surgical removal of the uterus, ovaries (female sex glands), or both uterus and ovaries
I
IATROGENIC
Caused by a physician or by treatment
IDE
Investigational device exemption, the license to test an unapproved new medical device
IDIOPATHIC
Of unknown cause
IMMUNITY
Defense against, protection from
IMMUNOGLOBIN
A protein that makes antibodies
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE
Drug which works against the body’s immune (protective) response, often used in transplantation and diseases caused by immune system malfunction
IMMUNOTHERAPY
Giving of drugs to help the body’s immune (protective) system; usually used to destroy cancer cells
IMPAIRED FUNCTION
Abnormal function
IMPLANTED
Placed in the body
IND
Investigational new drug, the license to test an unapproved new drug
M
MALAISE
A vague feeling of bodily discomfort, feeling badly
N
NASOGASTRIC TUBE
Tube placed in the nose, reaching to the stomach
O
OCCLUSION
Closing; blockage; obstruction
P
PARENTERAL
Given by injection
Q
QD
Every day; daily
QID
Four times a day
R
RADIATION THERAPY
X-ray or cobalt treatment
S
SARCOMA
A type of cancer
SARCOMA
A type of cancer
SEDATIVE
A drug to calm or make less anxious
SEMINOMA
A type of testicular cancer (found in the male sex glands)
SEQUENTIALLY
In a row, in order
SOMNOLENCE
Sleepiness
SPIROMETER
An instrument to measure the amount of air taken into and exhaled from the lungs
STAGING
An evaluation of the extent of the disease
STANDARD OF CARE
A treatment plan that the majority of the medical community would accept as appropriate
STENOSIS
Narrowing of a duct, tube, or one of the blood vessels in the heart
STOMATITIS
Mouth sores, inflammation of the mouth
STRATIFY
Arrange in groups for analysis of results (e.g., stratify by age, sex, etc.)
STUPOR
Stunned state in which it is difficult to get a response or the attention of the subject
SUBCLAVIAN
Under the collarbone
SUBCUTANEOUS
Under the skin
SUPINE
Lying on the back
SUPPORTIVE CARE
General medical care aimed at symptoms, not intended to improve or cure underlying disease
SYMPTOMATIC
Having symptoms
SYNDROME
A condition characterized by a set of symptoms
SYSTOLIC
Top number in blood pressure; pressure during active contraction of the heart
T
T-LYMPHOCYTES
Type of white blood cells
TERATOGENIC
Capable of causing malformations in a fetus (developing baby still inside the mother’s body)
TESTES/TESTICLES
Male sex glands
THROMBOSIS
Clotting
THROMBUS
Blood clot
TID
Three times a day
TITRATION
A method for deciding on the strength of a drug or solution; gradually increasing the dose
TOPICAL
On the surface
TOPICAL ANESTHETIC
Applied to a certain area of the skin and reducing pain only in the area to which applied
TOXICITY
Side effects or undesirable effects of a drug or treatment
TRANSDERMAL
Through the skin
TRANSIENTLY
Temporarily
TRAUMA
Injury; wound
TREADMILL
Walking machine used to test heart function
test
test
U
UPTAKE
Absorbing and taking in of a substance by living tissue
V
VALVULOPLASTY
Plastic repair of a valve, especially a heart valve
VARICES
Enlarged veins
VASOSPASM
Narrowing of the blood vessels
VECTOR
A carrier that can transmit disease-causing microorganisms (germs and viruses)
VENIPUNCTURE
Needle stick, blood draw, entering the skin with a needle
VERTICAL TRANSMISSION
Spread of disease
W
WBC
White blood cell